Iodine use in medicine dates to ancient times, as recorded applications reach as far back as 5000 BC. While povidone-iodine (PVP-I) offers broad antimicrobial properties, its efficacy stems from molecular iodine (I2) in minimal concentrations.

Comparative studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy of I2 over traditional disinfectants like chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). It shows rapid and potent antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.

It can also penetrate biofilms and neutralize volatile sulfur compounds. Unlike CHX, I2 does not induce microbial resistance and boasts an excellent safety profile as it is non-toxic, making it suitable for long-term use.

I2 is emerging as a valuable agent in medicine for chronic wound care, infection prevention, and skin disease management. Its versatility also makes it ideal for topical treatments, surgical lavages, and biocidal medical devices. In the dental industry, it serves as an effective substance to use against oral pathogens implicated in periodontal disease and tooth decay.